Title: Pressure and entropy of hard spheres in the weakly nonequilibrium heat-conduction steady state
Author(s):

Y.A. Humenyuk (Institute for Condensed Matter Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 1 Svientsitskii St., 79011 Lviv, Ukraine)

Thermodynamic quantities of the hard-sphere system in the steady state with a small heat flux are calculated within the continuous media approach. Analytical expressions for pressure, internal energy, and entropy are found in the approximation of the fourth order in temperature gradients. It is shown that the gradient contributions to the internal energy depend on the volume, while the entropy satisfies the second law of thermodynamics for nonequilibrium processes. The calculations are performed for dimensions 3D, 2D, and 1D.

Key words: heat flux, temperature gradients, equation of state, nonequilibrium entropy, steady state thermodynamics
PACS: 05.70.Ln, 51.30.+i, 44.10.+i

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